Pacific volcanic belt, in addition to general lack of Middle Ordovician to Lower Carboniferous

 Pacific volcanic belt, in addition to general lack of Middle Ordovician to Lower Carboniferous, Triassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary, other times stratigraphic well exposed than the whole, divided into clearly marked around the flat, rich in fossils , is typical of the region within the exposed strata are Qingbaikouan Proterozoic, Lower Paleozoic Cambrian, Lower Ordovician, Upper Paleozoic in the Carboniferous, Permian, Mesozoic Jurassic and Cenozoic Quaternary. Since the stratigraphic sequence of old and new are as follows: Spring ancient Longshan Qingbaikouan 1 Group 2 Group II King children Yu Fu Jun Hill Cambrian 1 Group 2 Group 3 Mao Zhuang group steamed 4 Summer Xuzhuang Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Long Mountain Gushan group of 8 three-Ordovician Fengshan Group 1 Group 2 Liang Ye in a mountain group 3 Majiagou Shanxi four Carboniferous 1 2 3 on Xiashihezi Shihezi Shiqianfeng 4 1 North Fifth vote Mesozoic group 2 group 3 Blue Flag Sun Jialiang group

* lump near the village

A see a sedimentary rock, is the Upper Permian, bedding structure significantly, with gravel, feldspar quartz sandstone (mainly of quartz, containing impurities, partial yellow, size medium, thickness medium) . occurrence of 24 degrees inclination angle of 270 degrees

* Dashi second attachment point (with photos)

A floodplain, see bed B C terrace, three terraces is consistent with the mountain height. see mountains from the reactor, showing separately with the bedrock, belong to the Jurassic Roan rocks. Cause: lateral erosion and river incision Hill originally linked to separate the hill to become independent, but still connected to the lower part of the foundation.

D Bangshui Cliff (Carboniferous strata): at the core of syncline Liujiang basin, showing inverted cone stone ; the Middle Jurassic period of andesite containing neutral emitted Hui pyrochlore (shallow intrusive rock), volcanic tuff (volcanic rock), volcanic breccia (dark gray rock). development vertical joints, the natural exfoliation. < br>
E south mountain: the case of andesite, in the Jurassic, Mesozoic intrusive diagenetic wall rupture

F syncline flanks: pebbly feldspar quartz sandstone, an Upper Permian

* A stone village of NATO's Pass village 200 meters, see the rule in the Ordovician limestone B see the leopard skin limestone (including shale, dolomitic impurities fossil), white-yellow light-colored spots visible tendency of occurrence angle 41 degrees, 130 degrees

* Wu Zhuang anticline (with photo) A group in the Cambrian Zhangxia limestone, limestone in the deposition process to fine particles as the core, a layer of calcite crystals surrounding the core layer,UGG shoes, composition of calcium carbonate

B fault breccia in the Ordovician Zhangxia between the group and the fault breccia components belonging to the Cambrian limestone, calcareous cemented, angular size of the confused

C tensile fault angular size of the hybrid differential sorting of particles smaller faults

* Wu Zhuang Yakou (reverse faults and small anticline syncline)

A see layered limestone, of which there are the sand and mud layers

B see Folded imbricate fault traction refers to the turning end of the direction of motion of the disk formed by the horizontal compression

C see the road on both sides of the rock is different there due to the fault, so in the granite during tectonic movement,

* Wen Jiabao features granite Description:

A case of Mesozoic granite, deep

B acid intrusive rocks in the tectonic faults, folds, crustal magma intrusion activities have resulted in dramatic uplift spray

C developed many vertical joints, mixed into oblong shape of the mountain causes: tectonic movement, rock failure, resulting in rock; granite cooling contraction, resulting in vertical joints

D invasion to the cold Wu Ji limestone granite, in the invasion process, because the compression makes the Cambrian strata disturbed, high temperature contact metamorphism, the granite into dark gray hair, and the steep vertical

* Practice Directions: Shihmen Village - King of Wood Village - large groove depression - progenitor landslide area - a small village - Chiang Chuang - Jiguanshan (time June 23, 2006 week Five clear)

1 Suizhong granite red meat along the see, see a large outcropping sedimentary rocks typical profile of cross bedding, is the top of the Sinian original ancient world, mainly composed of quartz sandstone, up and down horizontal bedding, submitted to split the middle management, there is a black textured magnetite

see the sandwich with muddy, reflects the coastal sedimentary environment changes, the impact of bio-growth environment, does not reflect the climate change, geological conditions, nor as a basis for the division of

2 typical basal conglomerate: the lower part of the basal conglomerate (quartz), wind capacity, the continental deposits, the British middle sandstone with gravel, the upper coarse quartz sandstone, and then further fine for the quartz Sandstone (sedimentary law: tapering from top to bottom), in the upper part of the marine deposits, there is no rhythm to form a complete mud.

causes: the role of weathering and river transport, the final deposition. from the bottom rocks from coarse to fine, the end of the original cement conglomerate together, a small amount of cement to silica and iron, then there is the whole body basal conglomerate fault, leading to the upper end of the height difference of conglomerate occur.

3 normal fault: the fault occurs, the relative increase in the lower plate through weathering, making the exposed surface of the rock is weathered rounded, resulting in two height is not the fault, the fault into a good level. As formation time is short, so as bedding, if the formation of a long time, for the unconformity. orientation: 243 degrees angle: 48 degrees

4 ripple marks: the iron quartz sandstone containing glauconite, symmetry good, relatively large ripple wavelength equal, reflecting the coastal sedimentary environment. infer fluctuations at sea and shallow water , ripples extending direction parallel to the coastline. The measured wavelength: 31cm wave height: 2.8cm Figure 1 Jiguanshan Peak (location)

5 graben valley: the composition of two normal faults, down the middle (marked to determine the fault scarp) sketch a little photo: a sketch



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I. Upper Proterozoic Qingbaikou group

1. Longshan Group

Zhang Yazi distributed to the east village, south of Jiguanshan other places. Composed of two sedimentary rhythm. Not integrated in the formation of Meta before the ancient rocks on SZ Huang Gang. Mainly purple, yellow green, gray and black and egg white variegated shale color, etc., the bottom of the sandstone. Is a typical coastal sediments, and was the underlying sedimentary contact between Suizhong granite. Thickness of 91m.

2. King children

valley group is mainly distributed in the eastern region, the best exposed sections in the Li Zhuang north ditch, in the village for the East is also loess exposed. Lithology from coarse to fine, from clastic rock - clay rock - carbonate rocks, a complete rhythm with the characteristics of sedimentary transgression. Was integrated with the contact between the Longshan Group. The bottom of the boundaries marked by yellow-brown or rust-colored iron in the fine-grained quartz sandstone, which contains a large number of glauconite, the bottom of the net in the fine-grained feldspar quartz sandstone with large-scale sea into a storm wave. Formation of this phase is to shallow coastal sediments. Thickness of 38m.

II Paleozoic

(a) of the Cambrian

1. Fu Jun Shan group: well-developed in the east, north east tribe section can be used as a standard profile. Is not under the Cambrian bottom of the lithology is mainly dark gray leopard-like dolomitic limestone containing bitumen, containing more Ryder niche fossils. This group is a shallow sea facies, children with underlying valley landscape group, the bread group were the overlying unconformable contact between the parallel, hierarchical signs are clear. The bottom of the tail with dark gray asphalt, dolomitic crystalline limestone, locally containing debris. Thickness of 146m.

2. Bread group: the group since the invasion of mass destruction and structural damage to isolated outcrops, east and west of the northern tribes are exposed can be used as the standard profile. Upper and lower bounds of the group significantly, with Mao Zhuang group is at the top of the boundary as a symbol of bright red mudstone layer. Lithology is the bright red mudstone, shale, shale, rock salt containing pseudomorphic, and there are the dolomitic limestone. Fossils found no reliable basis. Fu Jun Shan and the underlying unconformity parallel group; with the overlying unconformity Mao Zhuang group. Thickness of 71m.

3. Mao Zhuang group: River Village West is better exposed, rich in fossils can be used as the standard profile. Mainly to purple shale rock, containing a small amount of muscovite, and its color than the color of dark bread a number of shale, commonly known as liver red. To fold the main buccal trilobite fossil insects. Thickness of 112m.

4. Xuzhuang Group: widely distributed east village west section well exposed, very rich in fossils, the formation in the upper and lower limits of clear, can be used as the standard profile. Lithology of shallow marine yellow-green with mica siltstone, dark purple folder siltstone and fine sandstone and minor oolitic limestone lens or lentil body. Containing trilobite fossils. Village group with the underlying boundaries of hair is yellow with dark purple siltstone interbedded siltstone marked. Thickness of 101m.

5. Zhang Xia group: less damaged by the cover and is the Cambrian strata in the region, one of the most widely distributed of the formation, around the basin are distributed almost in the hides highland village north east of the ridge 288 on the best exposed, the region a better standard profile. The lower part is green and yellow oolitic limestone shale; the upper part of the oolitic limestone, folders algal limestone, argillaceous limestone. The most abundant trilobite fossils. The group is integrated with the underlying strata exposed. Thickness of 130m.

6. Gushan Group: Xia Zhang of the group and group similar distribution in the region, there are 288 good cross-section of high ground, for the standard section. Both the lower and upper calcirudite purple and purple siltstone; Central is the gray limestone and Zhang Xia group obviously limits the contact area between the two very different lithology. Very rich in fossils, almost can be taken to each. Major trilobite fossils are: undetermined species of bats, insects, butterflies insects Pap. Thickness of 102m.

7. Long Hill Group: cross-section well exposed in the North 288 Zhuang guess Heights, as the standard profile. Purple gravel limestone rock, siltstone and shale, there are the algal limestone and crushed limestone biology. Trilobite fossils are: undetermined species of Artemisia in the mountain worm, a long mountain undetermined species of insects, insect-like s undetermined species. Integration with the underlying strata as clear boundaries between the two contacts. The group exposed in the region is relatively thin, only 18m or so.

8. Fengshan Group: The group distribution of Gushan Group, long the same mountain group, the better hides the exposed highland village north as a standard section 288. Grey marl lithology as the main folder yellow marl gravel debris. Yellow-green calcareous shale and thin-bedded argillaceous banded limestone. Clay composition increased, easily weathered,

weathering tend to form a yellow soil bar. Fossil trilobite fossil rich with significant vertical.

form small clumps gravel debris, the group and its underlying group for the integration of Changshan contact boundary is the bottom of the gray marked marl layer of gravel debris. Thickness of 92m.

(b) of the Ordovician

1. Rule in the group

distributed in the region east and west, mainly in the eastern region. Is well exposed to the hides in the tidal valley village area. The lower part is pure gray microcrystalline limestone and limestone gravel small wormhole-like limestone; upper gray gravel limestone and yellow green shale. Have produced fossils of trilobites,UGG boots, graptolites, brachiopods and so on. And the underlying unconformity Fengshan group, the hierarchical symbol is a gray limestone gravel bottom, this calcirudite thin, the thickness of less than 0.5m, it is pure limestone. Thickness of 125m.

2. A group of bright mountain light

A Mountain Village in the Shek Mun. Is a shallow marine deposits. Main rock is limestone in the thick layered leopard skin, the lower clip a small amount of calcareous shale and limestone gravel. With cephalopods, gastropods and undetermined species snakes volumes of fossil snails. And the underlying integration rule in the group, contact boundaries in order to light the bottom of a hill in the thick limestone layer leopard sign was weathered banded shale, locally containing mud tuberculosis. Thickness 118m.

3. Majiagou

segment of the group Mountain group with a consistent light to light a tea Kitayama Hill and north of well-developed. Is a shallow sea facies, deep-water environment. Lithology of the group to dolomite and dolomitic limestone-based, bottom layer with micro-management, including breccias, chert nodules with yellowish gray dolomitic limestone. Fossils are: cephalopods and gastropods. A mountain with the underlying group for the integration of light contact, boundaries are clear. Dolomite with a Thickness 101m.

(c) of the Carboniferous

1.

Middle Carboniferous Benxi Benxi area in the east and west is very wide distribution, development and the best is exposed Banbidian 191 Highland, small Wangzhuang well-developed area, the small Wangzhuang profile can be used as the area standard section. With 2-3 from the terrestrial to the integrity of marine sedimentary rhythm. Lithological characteristics of this group agreed with the North China, is a paralic deposition. Continental siltstone containing plant fossils: wood scales, Kodak, Lo wood and so on. The lower part of the iron sand, limonite and clay rocks, parallel to the unconformity and above Majiagou; upper fine sandstone, siltstone and shale, marl layer lens folder 3-5. Simon Shek Mun Village - strata thickness profile W Jiashan 70.7m.

2. Banbidian

in Taiyuan, Wang Hill well-developed. Lithology in this group is relatively stable to iron-gray to black sandstone as the main features of tuberculosis, clip a small amount of coal and limestone lens line, composed of two rhythm is paralic deposition. With plant fossils: Pulse fern, scaly wood, animal fossils: grid long body shell, Guni Luo clams. Benxi was integration with the contact boundaries clear the bottom of the group of gray iron in the fine-grained feldspar lithic greywacke, with a small balloon-like weathering. W Jiashan section thickness 48m.

(d) of the Permian

1. Shanxi

mainly in the eastern mountain area of Montenegro kiln to the CAO, has exposed the western. There are two rhythm, rhyme with the first seam, the top of the second rhythm with bauxite. This group is an important coal-bearing strata area, is a coastal marsh sediments. Main lithology is gray, dark gray fine-grained feldspathic lithic greywacke, siltstone, carbonaceous shale and clay rocks. With plant fossils: Lo

undetermined species of wood, with Kodak, slender blades. Taiyuan Formation and the underlying integrated contact relationship was. Greater thickness, about 35m to 60m.

2. Xiashihezi

kiln located in Montenegro, to the Stone Mountain area, western scattered. Composed of three rhythms. Is a lake facies. Mainly in the coarse-grained lithology is gray feldspathic lithic graywacke. With fossil plants: fern with multiple veins, Shanxi with ferns, with Kodak. Thickness 115m.

3.

Shihezi and kiln mainly in Montenegro, west of Huanxiling Tai Ishikawa exposed. Well-developed profile is Huanxiling can be used as the standard profile. Lithology to gray in the thick fluvial pebbly coarse-grained feldspar layered net sandstone, is extremely small purple folder fine sandstone and siltstone. The group did not obtain fossil data. And the next Fuseshita Xiashihezi to integrate contact relationship. Thickness of 72m.

4. Shiqianfeng

named place in the first 25km in Taiyuan, Shanxi Shiqianfeng West. This group is a group of Permian top. The section is well exposed to the Watts Huanxiling Jiashan area, can be used as the standard profile. Main rock is a river of purple rock phase, including siltstone, mudstone, clip a small amount of gravel, coarse to medium grained sandstone and greywacke net. With plant fossils: Taiyuan with fern, round pointed leaves, the Korean feather fern. And the underlying exposure Shihezi and for the integration between the two can be distinguished from the color. More than 150m thick.

3 classic rock intrusive rock: granite, granite porphyry, gray rocks, diorite

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rock magmatic extrusive rocks: andesite

1.

granite outcrop in the east near the village of Zhang Yazi, or southwest Jiguanshan, the deposition of the unconformity below the quartz sandstone in the Maling. The rocks are red or white meat, but the mass distribution is very uneven, structures vary widely. There are many signs of mixed rock and the old metamorphic rocks of the residue or xenoliths. Valley to the western flower plants Granite Hot Springs Fort area, according to contact relations and isotopic age, belonging to the late Mesozoic granite intrusion. Large rock, was the red meat from orthoclase, plagioclase, quartz and minor biotite, with the fine-grained porphyritic texture was based, so called in the fine-grained porphyritic granite.

2.

Granite porphyry exposed in Shiling Dong Nam and other places,cheap UGG boots, was fine-grained matrix of porphyritic texture, rock wall like output, invasive in the Late Cambrian to Middle Ordovician strata, it is common to be Matrix K-feldspar and quartz ablation phenocrysts, the West Village as a tide of more than 5m wide wall of granite porphyry.

flower porphyry: is a variant of granite porphyry, exposed in the South Kivu village Wangzhuang South and other places, from the specimen on the difference between hard and granitic porphyry.

quartz porphyry: exposed in the casserole shops and other places, is a variant of another granite porphyry, porphyritic structure with a hidden base, quartz phenocrysts Trinidad and Tobago, generally with ablation phenomenon.

3. A light grayish green hill rock quarry

more concentrated, the rock was dark green, fine grain structure are, microscopic structure of a typical gabbro, some of pyroxene and silicate have been of chlorite.

4. Diorite

distributed in the tidal Village as Northwest, casseroles shops and other places, the wall was shaped rock output, with a hidden base porphyritic texture, phenocrysts are mainly plagioclase, hornblende and sometimes with more more, some with minor amounts of quartz matrix, some visible grain structure and streamline the ball structure.

5. Andesite

distributed in the core of the syncline Liujiang Jurassic strata, the type very rich, basaltic andesite, pyroxene andesite, hornblende andesite, andesite flare, plagioclase andesite, andesite, and the British coarse andesite and so on. Most are porphyritic texture with a hidden base. The main color to gray-green, a few are dark purple, usually radiate massive structure, pore structure and a handful of almonds structure.

Second, the sedimentary rocks: quartz sandstone containing glauconite, pure limestone, leopard-like limestone, containing micro-bedding dolomitic limestone

1. Quartz sandstone with glauconite

son Cliff is located in Chang Shan group Qingbaikou group into the wind with the surface within the pale yellowish-brown coarse-grained quartz in the net sandstone, shallow marine sediments, containing a small amount of glauconite and mica.

2.

Pure limestone to calcite as the main component of the rock. Gray-black, brittle, hardness is not, a knife can be paddling. The observed in Cross Village group lit a mountain of pure limestone with gravel dust, generated within the basin or microcrystalline limestone shale hidden debris.

3.

Leopard limestone mainly in the light A Mountain Formation. Spotted by the dolomite formed, pale yellow or brown, gray or dark gray with the surrounding gray matter boundary was set, especially those who spotted the shape of worm holes, straight line between the two. Weathering surface, often symbiotic worm hole and spotted, is a sign of limestone leopard.

4. Micro-bedding with dolomitic limestone

distributed in the Lower Cambrian Mountains Formation in Fu Jun, Zhang Ya well-developed sub-area. Spotted only a certain layer of rock layers within the non-cutting relationship with the bedding plane, indicating that diagenetic stage metasomatism is completed. Uniform layer structure, formed in shallow water deep water environment.

three metamorphic rocks: fault breccia

called crush breccia, tectonic breccia. The rock were fractured due to tectonic breccia formed by rocks, breccia ranging in size, with edges and corners,UGG boots clearance, rock lithology and fault on both sides of the same, and is equal to the composition of the fine debris and the epigenetic effects of substances in aqueous solution by cementation .